Nanoscientifica Palladium Cubes - Free Sample*

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Description
Sharp cubes of Pd nanocrystals with an average edge size below 10 nm and narrow size distribution are also now available on a large scale though NanoScientifica Scandinavia. Our unique technology provides an ideal toolkit for the realization of novel and more efficient catalysts, which is valuable to the industry. Our overall goal is to bring shaped Platinum Group Metals, PGM, (platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and osmium) Nanoparticles to the catalyst market, automotive emission control (which accounts to 65 % of the gross world demand of platinum and palladium), catalysis of chemicals (e.g., pharmaceutical compounds) conducted in liquid and gas phase, and future fuel cell technologies.

Structural features

By decreasing the size of metal particles down to nanoscale, more atoms are exposed to the crystalline facets (larger surface area) encompassed by local rearrangement of the atoms in restrained geometrical space. This entanglement between size and shape of metal nanocrystal governs, for instance, their catalytic performance. PGM nanoparticles enclosed by specific facets abruptly enhance the catalytic activity of chemical processes in liquid or vapor phases and improve the product selectivity in comparison to particles having the same or smaller sizes but with indistinct shape. For instance, Pd nanocubes enclosed by {100} facets have shown greater catalytic activity for formic oxidation, oxygen reduction, pyrrole hydrogenation, and Suzuki coupling. NanoScientifica Pd Cubes contains >98% {100} facets and can be easily combined with high surface area metallic oxide or carbon-based microparticles and exploited as a catalyst for the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds, fuel cells, hydrogen sensing, and storage, etc. Our standard solution is to ship the particles in aqueous solution, please inquire about other solvents or solid support.


Scarce metals

Resource scarcity is one of the most critical global challenges. Based on their crustal concentrations in mineable deposits, PGM are scarce and much less productive than those comprising more common metals. PGMs are valued for their myriad industrial applications including the manufacture of automotive catalytic converters and hydrogen production (e.g. fuel cells). Current state-of-the-art Platinum Group catalysts are mostly built on poor shape and size control small nanoparticles, which usually provides poor reaction selectivity and limited performance. More strict emission control policies and increasingly demand for cleaner energy platforms are imposing pressure on the use of catalysts with higher loadings of PGM materials. As thumb role, the greater the geological scarcity of the mineral, the earlier the price increase will start while exhaustively consumed. NanoScientifica Scandinavia is proud to empower the  PGM catalyst market by large-scale distribution of competitive morphology controlled nanocatalyst. 

Core advantages

In the scientific literature, it is well established that small and geometrically controlled nanocatalyst shows a higher catalytic performance when compared with particles attaining indistinct shape. NanoScientifica Scandinavia is fully engaged into maximize resource utilization of scarce PGM materials by enabling the production of highly catalytic materials. Our utmost target is the fabrication of industrial nanocatalyst coming 100% from recycled metal sources in the next 2 years.



Physical-Chemical Properties

Ranking in order of abundance in earth crust
70
Mean content in earth crust
0.015 ppm (g/tonne)
Mean content in oceans
-
Residence time in oceans
-
Radii of atoms (ppm)
Atomic: 140
Covalent: 131
Density (g cm-3)
12.02 
Molar volume (cm3)
8.85
Specif ic heat cat 298 K  (J K–1 kg1)

244
Thermal conductivity (Wm–1K–1) 
173 K: 72
273 K: 72
373 K: 79
973 K: 93
Coefficient of linear expansion (K–1)
100 K: 8 · 10-6 
293 K: 11.8· 10-6 
500 K: 13.2 · 10-6 
800 K: 14.5 · 10-6 
Resistivity (nΩm)
78 K: 17.3
273 K: 100
373 K: 138
573 K: 210
973 K: 330
1473 K: 420
Mass magnetic susceptibility (m3 kg-1)
+67.0 · 10-9 
Youngs modulus (G Pa)
122
Shear modulus (G Pa)
44
Bulk modulus (G Pa)
180
Poissons ratio
0.39
Enthalpy of fusion ΔHfus at melting point (kJmol-1)
16.7
Enthalpy of vaporization ΔHvap at boiling point (kJmol-1)
390
Enthalpy of atomization ΔHat at 298 K (kJmol-1)
378
Entropy S0 at 298 K (J K-1mol-1)
37.57
Molar heat capacity Cp at temperature K (J K-1mol-1)
100 K: 17.9
298 K: 25.98
600 K: 27.7
1000 K: 30.0
2000 K: 34.7
2500 K: 34.7

Signal Word
Warning

Hazard Statements
H400-H410

Hazard Codes
Xn,N

Precautionary Statements
P273-P391-P501a

Flash Point
Not applicable

Risk Codes
22-36/38-50/53

Safety Statements
22-60-61

RTECS Number
GL8900000

Transport Information
UN 3077 9 / PGIII

WGK Germany
3

GHS Pictograms

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